Wednesday, Aug. 18, 1999
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact: Jim Michie
(800) 487-4890
1998 NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD
SURVEY ON DRUG ABUSE
PRINCIPAL
FINDING: Illicit drug use declined among 12-to-17-year-olds
from 1997 to 1998, while illicit drug use among the overall population
remained level.
Purpose of This Report--This
report presents the summary findings from the 1998 National Household Survey
on Drug Abuse, an annual survey conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). This survey has been the primary
source of estimates of the prevalence and incidence of illicit drug, alcohol,
and tobacco use in the population since 1971. The survey is based on a
nationally representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized
population of the United States--age 12 years and older. A total of 25,500
persons were interviewed for the 1998 survey; this sample included augmented
samples in California and Arizona (4,903 and 3,869 respectively). Summary
findings are presented below:
Illicit Drug Use
-
An estimated 13.6 million Americans were current
users of illicit drugs in 1998, meaning they used an illicit drug at least
once during the 30 days prior to the interview. Although this number is
slightly less than the 13.9 million estimate for 1997, the difference is
not statistically significant. By comparison, the number of current illicit
drug users was at its highest level in 1979 when the estimate was 25.0
million.
-
9.9 percent of youths age 12-17 reported current
use of illicit drugs in 1998. This estimate represents a statistically
significant decrease from the estimate of 11.4 percent in 1997. The rate
was highest in 1979 (16.3 percent), declined to 5.3 percent in 1992, then
increased to 10.9 percent in 1995. The percent of youth reporting current
use of illicit drugs has fluctuated since 1995 (9.0 percent in 1996 and
11.4 percent in 1997).
-
8.3 percent of youths age 12-17 were current
users of marijuana in 1998. The prevalence of marijuana use among youth
did not change significantly between 1997 when it was 9.4 percent and 1998
when it was 8.3 percent. Youth marijuana use reached a peak of 14.2 percent
in 1979, declined to 3.4 percent in 1992, more than doubled from 1992 to
1995 (8.2 percent), and has fluctuated since then (7.1 in 1996 and 9.4
percent in 1997).
-
An estimated 1.8 million (0.8 percent) Americans
age 12 and older were current users of cocaine in 1998. The estimate was
1.5 million (0.7 percent) in 1997; but the difference is not statistically
significant. Cocaine use reached a peak of 5.7 million or 3.0 percent of
the population in 1985.
-
The percent of youths reporting current use
of inhalants decreased significantly from 2.0 percent in 1997 to 1.1 percent
in 1998.
-
An estimated 4.1 million people met diagnostic
criteria for dependence on illicit drugs in 1997 and 1998, including 1.1
million youths age 12-17.
Alcohol Use
-
In 1998, 113 million Americans age 12 and older reported current use of
alcohol, meaning they used alcohol at least once during the 30 days prior
to the interview. About 33 million of this group engaged in binge drinking,
meaning they drank 5 or more drinks on one occasion during that 30 day
period. 12 million were heavy drinkers, meaning they had 5 or more drinks
on one occasion 5 or more days during the past 30 days. The percentages
of the population falling into these different groups have not changed
since 1988.
-
Although consumption of alcoholic beverages
is illegal for those under 21 years of age, 10.5 million current drinkers
were age 12-20 in 1998. Of this group, 5.1 million engaged in binge drinking,
including 2.3 million who would also be classified as heavy drinkers. There
have been no statistically significant changes in the rates of underage
drinking since 1994.
Tobacco Use
-
An estimated 60 million Americans age 12 and
older reported current cigarette use, meaning smoking cigarettes at least
once during the 30 days prior to the interview. This estimate represents
a rate of 27.7 percent, which is a statistically significant decline from
the 1997 rate of 29.6 percent.
-
The current rate of smoking among young adults
age 18-25 has increased from 34.6 percent in 1994 to 40.6 percent in 1997
and 41.6 percent in 1998.
-
An estimated 18.2 percent of youths age 12-17,
or 4.1 million, were current cigarette smokers in 1998. There was no significant
change in this rate between 1997 (19.9 percent) and 1998; the rate for
this group has remained relatively stable since 1988.
-
Youths age 12-17 who currently smoked cigarettes
were 11.4 times more likely to use illicit drugs and 16 times more likely
to drink heavily than nonsmoking youths.
-
The rate of current cigar use among those
12 and older increased from 5.9 percent in 1997 to 6.9 percent in 1998,
a statistically significant increase. An estimated 5.6 percent of youths
age 12-17 were current cigar smokers in 1998. This compares to 5.0 percent
in 1997, not a statistically significant difference.
Perceived Risk and
Availability of Drugs
-
Between 1997 and 1998, there was no change
in the percentages of youths age 12-17 reporting great risk from using
cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, or alcohol.
-
56 percent of youths age 12-17 reported marijuana
was easy to obtain in 1998. 21 percent said it was easy to obtain heroin.
14 percent of youths reported being approached by someone selling drugs
during the 30 days prior to the interview. None of these measures changed
significantly between 1997 and 1998.
Trends in New Use of Substances
(Incidence)
Because information on when people first
used a substance is collected on a retrospective basis, information on
first time use or incidence is always one year behind information on current
use.
-
An estimated 2.1 million persons first used
marijuana in 1997. This translates to about 5,800 new marijuana users per
day. The rate of first use of marijuana among youths age 12-17 declined
significantly from 79 per thousand potential new users in 1996 to 64 per
thousand potential new users in 1997. This rate had increased from 38 to
73 between 1991 and 1994; that is, use of marijuana by youths who had never
previously used the substance doubled during that time period. The youth
incidence rate was stable from 1994 to 1996.
-
An estimated 81,000 persons used heroin for
the first time in 1997. The rate of initiation for youths from 1994 to
1997 was at the highest level since the early 1970s.
-
There were an estimated 730,000 new cocaine
users in 1997. The rate of new use among youths did not change between
1996 (11.1) and 1997 (10.8). However, there was a statistically significant
increase in the rate from 1991 (4.1) to 1997. The 1997 rate for youths
is similar to the high initiation rates of the early 1980s.
-
There were an estimated 1.1 million new hallucinogen
users in 1997. The rate of initiation among youths age 12-17 increased
between 1991 and 1995, from 11.1 to 25.0 per thousand potential new users,
and was constant from 1995 to 1997 (23.9).
-
An estimated 2.1 million people began smoking
cigarettes daily in 1997. More than half of these new smokers were younger
than age 18, which translates to more than 3,000 new youth smokers per
day.
Drug Use in California and
Arizona
-
In 1998, the prevalence of illicit drug use
among persons 12 years and older was 7.2 percent in California, 7.4 percent
in Arizona, and 6.1 percent in the rest of the United States. These differences
are not statistically significant.
-
14.4 percent of the youths age 12-17 in Arizona
were current drug users in 1998. The rate in Arizona was significantly
greater than the rates in California (9.9 percent) and in the rest of the
United States (9.9 percent).
-
There was no significant change in illicit
drug use in California between 1997 and 1998, either for youths or for
adults. By contrast there were significant decreases in Arizona during
the same period in the rates of illicit drug use among youths age 12-17
and young adults 18-25 years of age.
-
In 1997 Californians and Arizonians were less
likely than other Americans to perceive great risk in using marijuana.
Summary Findings from the 1997
National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, is retrievable from SAMHSA's
internet web site--graphics as well as text--at http://www.samhsa.gov,
or a hard copy may be obtained free of charge by calling SAMHSA's
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information at 1-800-729-6686.
SAMHSA, an agency in the Department
of Health and Human Services, is the Federal Government's
lead agency for improving the quality and availability of substance abuse
prevention, addiction treatment, and mental health services in the United
States. News media requests for information on SAMHSA's substance abuse
and mental health programs should be directed to Media Services at 1-800-487-4890.
###